Although the structure and ownership of an organisation will influence some elements of governance, the basic governance principles remain the same across all organisations.

A report on Māori organisational governance notes that some structures suit some purposes better than others. Groups have selected structures to fit their ownership structures, asset base, and goals. Organisations may also change their structure for different stages of development.

Some groups may even consider multiple structures for different needs — for example having one structure to deal with social/cultural “business” and another for the trading or commercial side of the operation.

These are the main legal structures used by Māori organisations operating on behalf of multiple owners. Some have links to case studies of successful organisations operating through them.

• Partnership
• Company — Shotover Jet Ltd (Publicly listed company), Kaikoura Whale Watch, Mai Media (Private companies)
• Charitable Trust — Ngāti Hine Health Trust
• Incorporated Society
• Māori Trust Board
• Trust
• Structures under Te Ture Whenua Māori Land Act 1993
  • Ahu Whenua Trust — Palmerston North Māori Reserve Trust, Lake Taupo Forestry Trust
  • Whenua Topu Trust
  • Kai tiaki Trust
  • Whanau Trust
  • Putea Trust
• Māori Incorporation under Ture Whenua Māori Land Act 1993 — Wairarapa Moana Incorporation
• Māori Reservation
• Statutory Body under Act — Te Wānanga o Raukawa under the Education Act.

It is essential to consult a lawyer on the type of structure most suitable for a particular purpose, and on the legal requirements for a particular structure.

Last modified: 30/09/2011