Endnotes

1. Further information about these information sources is available in The Health of the Māori Language in 2006, www.tpk.govt.nz
2. Census respondents were asked, “In which language(s) could you have a conversation about a lot of everyday things:
   • English;
   • Māori;
   • Samoan;
   • NZ Sign Language;
   • Other languages.
   All Census language data for Māori speakers is derived from this core question. It is also important to note that the data used for this report refers to those people resident in this region on Census night.
3. For more information about the questions and methodology of the survey refer to the reports published in 2002 and 2008 at www.tpk.govt.nz.
4. Overall proficiency is an aggregate of proficiency levels for speaking, reading, writing and listening in Māori.
5. Refer to Te Puni Kōkiri, 2006.
6. For example refer to Fishman, J. 1999. Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
7. Includes sole-parent households.
8. Note a very small number of persons less than 18 are recorded in this group.
9. Component percentages do not add up to 100% because of rounding.
10. For this part of the report children or dependants are those younger than 18 living in a household with adults.
11. There may also be a small number of te reo based early childhood centres in the general stream of providers. Enrolments in early childhood services are not exclusive or full-time, so the 1000 enrolments may actually comprise a smaller group of children and/or a group of children who spend a relatively limited amount of time in Kōhanga Reo.
12. The Ministry of Education classifies students according to the amount of te reo immersion education they receive. The categories are:
    • Level 1: 81%-100% in te reo;
    • Level 2: 51% - 80% in te reo;
    • Level 3: 31% - 50% in te reo;
    • Level 4(a): up to 30% in te reo;
    • Level 4(b): at least 3hrs in te reo;
    • Level 5: Less than 3 hours;
    • Level 6: Taha Māori.
    In the classifications in this report, students participating in te reo levels 4a and above are included as students learning Māori.